<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi Greg again! :)</div><div><br></div><div>>
1) This should help you understand the difference between recursive and non-recursive queries. <br></div><div>I read about recursive and iterative query but I think A.B.C.D server should be as recursive server for domain controllers, I ask myself the same question to root servers? Or Bind9 server should have to make iterative queries to root servers ?</div><div><br></div><div></div><div>
<div>> I hope this server is behind a good firewall?</div><div>Yes</div><div><br></div><div>>Do you
only have one BIND server? </div><div>>I would recommend two at least, in case you
need to take one down for maintenance or it fails for some reason.</div><div>Yes only one server<br></div><div><br></div><div>>> Your "allow-..." statements should look like this, with IP addresses, not domain names.</div><div>Oh yes, this one was to explain you what servers I inserted into this list. <br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>I have another doubt, /etc/resolv.conf in bind server is used only from client services ? E.g. ping tool</div><div>I think bind9 dns service doesn't contact any /etc/resolv.conf, right?<br></div><div><br></div>
</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno ven 28 giu 2024 alle ore 08:46 Greg Choules <<a href="mailto:gregchoules%2Bbindusers@googlemail.com">gregchoules+bindusers@googlemail.com</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi Renzo.<div>You're welcome.</div><div>1) Correct. You don't need forwarding for a simple resolver. Take a look at the meaning of the RD flag in the BIND protocol header. This should help you understand the difference between recursive and non-recursive queries.</div><div>2) No. See 1)</div><div>3) Yes. For a standard resolver facing the Internet you do not need a hint zone.</div><div><br></div><div>Some more thoughts occurred to me:</div><div>- I hope this server is behind a good firewall?</div><div>- Do you only have one BIND server? I would recommend two at least, in case you need to take one down for maintenance or it fails for some reason.</div><div>- Your "allow-..." statements should look like this, with IP addresses, not domain names.</div><div> allow-... {127.0.0.1; <query_source_IP_address_of_DC1>; <query_source_IP_address_of_DC2>; <any_other_source_addresses...>;}; You do not need to include this server in the list.</div><div><br></div><div>Any changes you make should be done on a test server first, so you can be comfortable understanding what effect those changes have and only move them to production when you are certain.</div><div><br></div><div>Cheers, Greg</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, 28 Jun 2024 at 07:14, Renzo Marengo <<a href="mailto:buckroger2011@gmail.com" target="_blank">buckroger2011@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>Hi greg,</div><div>I thank you again for your suggestions.</div><div><br></div><div>>A.B.C.D is the address of this server? <br></div><div>yes, It's the Bind server</div><div><br></div><div>I read several documents about DNS architecture</div><div>My questions is about this configuration of bind:</div><div><br></div><div>1- according to your opinion my bind makes queries ro root server if is set no 'forwarders' option? I'll verify It by tcpdump as you suggested</div><div>2- Do you suggest to set some "forwarders" ?<br></div><div>3-- This bind version has root server built-in? If I removed '<a href="http://named.ca" target="_blank">named.ca</a>' reference, Bind would use root server built-in?<br></div><div><br></div><div>thanks<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno ven 28 giu 2024 alle ore 07:51 Greg Choules <<a href="mailto:gregchoules%2Bbindusers@googlemail.com" target="_blank">gregchoules+bindusers@googlemail.com</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi Renzo.<div><br><div>Thank you for that. The hints look OK. A bit old, but they will work. </div><div><br></div><div>The first thing I would advise you to do as a matter of priority is to upgrade BIND.</div><div>9.11 has been end-of-life for a few years and there have been many security fixes since then. 9.18.27 is the current version.<br></div></div><div>You could install that directly, or upgrade RHEL and obtain a more recent packaged version.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>You can check what BIND is doing by using "tcpdump". For example:</div><div>sudo tcpdump -n -i <interface> -c 1000 port 53 and host A.B.C.D</div><div><br></div><div>I am making some assumptions:</div><div>A.B.C.D is the address of this server?</div><div><interface> is the name of the interface the server will use for outbound queries, according to its routeing table. I am guessing this is the interface with address A.B.C.D?</div><div>-c stops the capture after 1000 packets. This is just a safety precaution.</div><div>port 53 and host A.B.C.D limits the capture to only packets with port 53 (DNS) AND with the address of this interface, so you don't capture any SSH or HTTPS etc.</div><div><br></div></div><div>A fresh (recently restarted) DNS resolver - any one, not just BIND - will make queries to the root to start with. It does this to learn where to go next. It stores the results of those queries in its cache so that it doesn't have to make them again for some time.</div><div><br></div><div>There are many good books and articles available online to explain the basics of DNS. The BIND ARM (distributed with BIND and also available online) is the reference manual for BIND itself.</div><div><br></div><div>I hope that helps.</div><div>Greg</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, 28 Jun 2024 at 05:57, Renzo Marengo <<a href="mailto:buckroger2011@gmail.com" target="_blank">buckroger2011@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>Hi Greg,</div><div>he info you required:</div><div><br></div><div>1) BIND 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.2 (Extended Support Version) on running on Linux x86_64 3.10.0-1160.2.2.el7.x86_64</div><div>2) <a href="http://named.ca" target="_blank">named.ca</a> if file which contains root servers</div><div><a href="http://named.ca" target="_blank">named.ca</a><br></div><div>----</div><div>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://a.root-servers.net" target="_blank">a.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://b.root-servers.net" target="_blank">b.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://c.root-servers.net" target="_blank">c.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://d.root-servers.net" target="_blank">d.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://e.root-servers.net" target="_blank">e.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://f.root-servers.net" target="_blank">f.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://g.root-servers.net" target="_blank">g.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://h.root-servers.net" target="_blank">h.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://i.root-servers.net" target="_blank">i.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://j.root-servers.net" target="_blank">j.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://k.root-servers.net" target="_blank">k.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://l.root-servers.net" target="_blank">l.root-servers.net</a>.<br>. 518400 IN NS <a href="http://m.root-servers.net" target="_blank">m.root-servers.net</a>.<br><br>;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:<br><a href="http://a.root-servers.net" target="_blank">a.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 198.41.0.4<br><a href="http://b.root-servers.net" target="_blank">b.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 199.9.14.201<br><a href="http://c.root-servers.net" target="_blank">c.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 192.33.4.12<br><a href="http://d.root-servers.net" target="_blank">d.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 199.7.91.13<br><a href="http://e.root-servers.net" target="_blank">e.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 192.203.230.10<br><a href="http://f.root-servers.net" target="_blank">f.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 192.5.5.241<br><a href="http://g.root-servers.net" target="_blank">g.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 192.112.36.4<br><a href="http://h.root-servers.net" target="_blank">h.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 198.97.190.53<br><a href="http://i.root-servers.net" target="_blank">i.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 192.36.148.17<br><a href="http://j.root-servers.net" target="_blank">j.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 192.58.128.30<br><a href="http://k.root-servers.net" target="_blank">k.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 193.0.14.129<br><a href="http://l.root-servers.net" target="_blank">l.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 199.7.83.42<br><a href="http://m.root-servers.net" target="_blank">m.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN A 202.12.27.33<br><a href="http://a.root-servers.net" target="_blank">a.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:503:ba3e::2:30<br><a href="http://b.root-servers.net" target="_blank">b.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:500:200::b<br><a href="http://c.root-servers.net" target="_blank">c.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:500:2::c<br><a href="http://d.root-servers.net" target="_blank">d.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:500:2d::d<br><a href="http://e.root-servers.net" target="_blank">e.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:500:a8::e<br><a href="http://f.root-servers.net" target="_blank">f.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:500:2f::f<br><a href="http://g.root-servers.net" target="_blank">g.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:500:12::d0d<br><a href="http://h.root-servers.net" target="_blank">h.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:500:1::53<br><a href="http://i.root-servers.net" target="_blank">i.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:7fe::53<br><a href="http://j.root-servers.net" target="_blank">j.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:503:c27::2:30<br><a href="http://k.root-servers.net" target="_blank">k.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:7fd::1<br><a href="http://l.root-servers.net" target="_blank">l.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:500:9f::42<br><a href="http://m.root-servers.net" target="_blank">m.root-servers.net</a>. 518400 IN AAAA 2001:dc3::35</div><div>----<br></div><div><br></div><div>I didn't know some Bind versions had the Internet root hints built-in.</div><div>About my configuration I understand that bind makes always queries to root servers ? Right?</div><div>I'd like to re-check configuration of bind<br></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno gio 27 giu 2024 alle ore 22:15 Greg Choules <<a href="mailto:gregchoules%2Bbindusers@googlemail.com" target="_blank">gregchoules+bindusers@googlemail.com</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi Renzo.<div>Ah OK, I had it the wrong way round. AD DNS needs to resolve names in the Internet on behalf of its clients, so it forwards to BIND.</div><div><br></div><div>In that case, two questions:</div><div>1) What version of BIND are you running? You can get this with "named -V"</div><div>2) What is in the file "<a href="http://named.ca" target="_blank">named.ca</a>"?</div><div>For a long time (which is why I need to know the version) BIND has had the Internet root hints built in, so you don't need a hint zone anymore. Unless you are defining different roots for some reason. Hence why I need to know the contents of that file.</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks, Greg</div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, 27 Jun 2024 at 18:06, Renzo Marengo <<a href="mailto:buckroger2011@gmail.com" target="_blank">buckroger2011@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Hi Greg,</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">thank you very much for your explanation.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Let’s supposte AD domain was ‘my <a href="http://domain.it" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(220,161,13)">domain.it</span></a>’<span> </span>and I have 6000 computers of government institute.<span> </span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Here my bind configuration:</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">named.conf</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">———</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">include “…. named.conf.options" ;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">zone "." IN {</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>type hint;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>file "<a href="http://named.ca" target="_blank">named.ca</a>";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">};</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">include “…. named.rfc1912.zones";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">include “….<span> </span>named.root.key";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">———</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">named.conf.options</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">———</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>logging {</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>channel named_debug {</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>syslog local6;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>severity debug 1;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>print-category yes;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>print-severity yes;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>print-time yes;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>};</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>category default { named_debug; };</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span> </span>};</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">options {</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>auth-nxdomain no;<span> </span># conform to RFC1035</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>allow-recursion {127.0.0.1; A.B.C.D; dc1.<a href="http://mydomain.it" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(220,161,13)">mydomain.it</span></a>; <a href="http://dc2.mydomain.it" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(220,161,13)">dc2.mydomain.it</span></a>; ….. } ;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>allow-query <span> </span>{127.0.0.1; A.B.C.D; dc1.<a href="http://mydomain.it" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(220,161,13)">mydomain.it</span></a>; <a href="http://dc2.mydomain.it" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(220,161,13)">dc2.mydomain.it</span></a>; ….. } ;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>recursive-clients 3000;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>allow-query-cache {127.0.0.1; A.B.C.D; dc1.<a href="http://mydomain.it" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(220,161,13)">mydomain.it</span></a>; <a href="http://dc2.mydomain.it" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(220,161,13)">dc2.mydomain.it</span></a>; ….. } ; ;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; A.B.C.D; };</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>directory <span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>“….. named";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>dump-file <span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>“….. cache_dump.db";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>statistics-file “….. named_stats.txt";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>memstatistics-file “…. named_mem_stats.txt";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>recursing-file<span> </span>“… named.recursing";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>secroots-file <span> </span>“… named.secroots";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>recursion yes;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>dnssec-enable no;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>dnssec-validation no;</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>bindkeys-file "….. named.iscdlv.key";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>managed-keys-directory "….. dynamic";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>pid-file "….. named.pid";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>session-keyfile "….. session.key";</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">———</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">>Thirdly, I would not forward to AD DNS, unless the AD servers also recurse and can provide >resolution for delegated names below the AD domain </p><p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">>that are not hosted on the AD servers themselves.<span> </span></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">There is no forward option to AD DNS. Forward is enable from AD DNS to A.B.C.D. bind9 server.</p><p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><br></p><p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">All clients are using AD DNS infact every query, about name of ‘<a href="http://mydomain.it" target="_blank">mydomain.it</a>,’ is resolved from AD DNS.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">When client asks an external domain, e.g. <a href="http://www.google.it" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(220,161,13)">www.google.it</span></a>, AD server forward query to A.B.C.D. server. (Forward option is set on every domain controller)</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Only AD DNS<span> </span>make queries to A.B.C.D server and it’s necessary only to solve external domains.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">A.B.C.D. server never makes queries to AD server. A.B.C.D. is next dns server which partecipates when it’s necessary to resolve an external domain</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal;min-height:15px"><br></p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">I hope to have explained right.</p>
<p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">I thought A.B.C.D server made query to root server because into configuration there is no reference to forward option, because I thought to set as DNS forward a government dns of my country. What do you think?</p><p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">I have doubts about recursive and iterative queries options too.</p><p style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:normal;font-family:"Helvetica Neue";font-kerning:auto;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-feature-settings:normal">Thanks</p>
<br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno gio 27 giu 2024 alle ore 13:24 Greg Choules <<a href="mailto:gregchoules%2Bbindusers@googlemail.com" target="_blank">gregchoules+bindusers@googlemail.com</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi Renzo.<div>Firstly, please can we see your BIND configuration and have the actual AD domain name.</div><div><br></div><div>Secondly, BIND, or any other recursive DNS server, does not 'forward' to the root servers, unless you have configured it explicitly to do so, which would be a bad idea and not work anyway. It will recurse (paradoxically, perform non-recursive aka iterative queries) to the roots and other authoritative servers. It is an important distinction to be aware of.</div><div><br></div><div>Thirdly, I would not forward to AD DNS, unless the AD servers also recurse and can provide resolution for delegated names below the AD domain that are not hosted on the AD servers themselves. Personally I would use a stub or static-stub zone in BIND to refer to the AD domain.<br></div><div><br></div><div>In general, decide which DNS is going to do the resolving and make that the control point, fetching data from wherever it needs to (e.g. AD DNS) - using non-recursive queries - and using that data to construct answers for its clients.</div><div><br></div><div>I hope that helps.</div><div>Cheers, Greg</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, 27 Jun 2024 at 12:02, Renzo Marengo <<a href="mailto:buckroger2011@gmail.com" target="_blank">buckroger2011@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>I have Active Directory domain ( '<a href="http://mydomain.it" target="_blank">mydomain.it</a>' ) with 8 domain controllers to manage 8000 computers. Every Domain controller acts as dns service and resolve internal domain names while forward queries about external domains to another server, which Bind9 dns server (It's inside my company)<br></div><div></div><div>I'm checking this Bind9 configuration (Centos server) and I see no forward servers so I think It makes bind9 forward queries directly to root servers. What do you think ?</div><div>According your opinion this Bind9 server should have to forward requests to one or more dns server by forward option?<br></div><div><br></div></div>
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